Trump And Biden On National Security: A Comparative Analysis

Laila Abdi

5 min read

Post on May 16, 2025

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Foreign Policy Doctrines: Isolationism vs. Multilateralism

Trump's "America First" Approach

Donald Trump's "America First" policy prioritized unilateral action and protectionism, often at the expense of international cooperation. This isolationist approach manifested in several key areas:

• Withdrawal from International Agreements: Trump withdrew the US from the Paris Agreement on climate change and the Iran nuclear deal, arguing these agreements were detrimental to American interests. These actions significantly impacted international agreements and international relations.
• Imposition of Tariffs: His administration imposed tariffs on goods from various countries, triggering trade disputes and harming international cooperation. This protectionist stance prioritized domestic industries over global trade relationships.
• Limited Engagement with International Organizations: Participation in international organizations like the World Health Organization was significantly reduced, reflecting a preference for unilateralism over multilateral engagement.

Biden's Emphasis on Multilateralism and Alliances

In stark contrast, Joe Biden champions multilateralism and the strengthening of international alliances. His approach emphasizes:

• Rejoining International Agreements: Biden rejoined the Paris Agreement and sought to re-engage with the Iran nuclear deal framework, demonstrating a commitment to international cooperation.
• Diplomacy and Negotiation: He prioritizes diplomacy and negotiation to resolve international disputes, seeking collaborative solutions rather than unilateral action. This focus on multilateralism aims to restore trust and cooperation among nations.
• Strengthening Alliances: Biden has emphasized strengthening alliances with key partners, recognizing their crucial role in addressing global challenges. This approach prioritizes alliances and diplomacy to achieve shared security objectives.

Military Strategy and Defense Spending

Trump's Focus on Military Modernization and Increased Spending

Trump advocated for significant increases in military spending, aiming to modernize the US military and enhance its capabilities.

• Increased Defense Budget: The defense budget saw substantial increases during his presidency, allocated to developing advanced weaponry and strengthening military readiness. This emphasis on military modernization aimed to ensure US military dominance.
• Focus on Technological Advancement: Investment in advanced technologies like hypersonic weapons and artificial intelligence was prioritized, signifying a focus on future military spending capabilities.

Biden's Approach to Defense Spending and Global Security

Biden’s approach to defense spending appears more measured, balancing modernization with potential budget adjustments.

• Strategic Prioritization: While committed to modernizing the military, Biden's administration is also evaluating spending priorities, potentially prioritizing certain areas over others.
• Emphasis on Cybersecurity and Counterterrorism: A significant emphasis is placed on cybersecurity and counterterrorism, recognizing these as crucial aspects of modern global security.
• Investment in Allies and Partnerships: There is a greater focus on collaborative efforts with allies, sharing the burden of defense and promoting international cooperation in security matters.

Responses to Global Challenges: Terrorism, Climate Change, and Pandemics

Trump's Approach to Terrorism and Immigration

Trump’s approach to national security threats such as terrorism and immigration was characterized by:

• Stricter Border Security: Increased border security measures, including the construction of a wall along the US-Mexico border, were central to his immigration policy, impacting border security.
• Tougher Counterterrorism Measures: He adopted a more assertive stance on counterterrorism, focusing on military action and stricter vetting procedures.

Biden's Strategies for Addressing Global Challenges

Biden’s administration takes a multifaceted approach to global challenges:

• Combating Terrorism: Utilizing a combination of military action, intelligence gathering, and diplomatic efforts to address terrorism, but with a greater emphasis on international cooperation.
• Addressing Climate Change: Rejoining the Paris Agreement and investing in renewable energy to tackle climate change, viewing it as a significant national security threat.
• Global Health Security: Investing in global health initiatives to prevent and respond to pandemics, acknowledging the interconnectedness of global health and national security.

Impact on International Relations and Global Standing

Trump's Impact on US Alliances and International Standing

Trump's policies strained relationships with many traditional US allies:

• Strained Alliances: His “America First” approach led to tensions with NATO allies, questioning the value of alliances and impacting global leadership.
• Deterioration of International Standing: His unilateral actions and withdrawal from international agreements eroded US credibility and international standing on the global stage.

Biden's Efforts to Restore US Leadership and International Cooperation

Biden seeks to repair damaged relationships and restore US leadership:

• Rebuilding Alliances: Efforts to strengthen alliances and restore trust with key partners are central to his foreign policy, fostering international cooperation.
• Promoting Multilateralism: His emphasis on multilateralism aims to restore US credibility and global leadership within the international community.

Conclusion: A Comparative Assessment of National Security Approaches

Trump and Biden represent fundamentally different approaches to national security. Trump's "America First" strategy prioritized unilateralism and protectionism, potentially weakening US alliances and international standing. Biden, in contrast, emphasizes multilateralism, diplomacy, and international cooperation, aiming to restore US leadership and address global challenges collaboratively. The effectiveness of each approach in addressing contemporary challenges such as terrorism, climate change, and pandemics will continue to unfold. Further research into Trump's foreign policy, Biden's national security strategy, and comparative foreign policy analysis is encouraged to gain a deeper understanding of these complex issues. Engage in discussions about national security and its implications for the future of the United States and the world.